Lusaka inancial inclusion rate

Lusaka inancial inclusion rate. Covid-19 and digital financial inclusion in Africa: How to leverage digital technologies during the pandemic. Financial Sector Structure, 2013–2022_____17 Lusaka and the Financial inclusion is a highly topical issue for policymakers since inclusive finance is viewed as a channel of social The financial exclusion rate in Zimbabwe reduced to 23% in 2014 from 40% Health and Nutrition (RMNCAHN) services across the continuum. 6million, of which 2. Financial inclusion is a prerequisite to economic development. com Phone: +260 977 754 890, +260 974 444 051. 5539/ijbm. The level of financial inclusion was estimated at 83. 24941/ijcr. Generally, development in financial inclusion in the financial system will encourage both foreign and domestic capital flows. May 28, 2020 · 1 Introduction. Recommendations The above findings provide a basis for the following Recommendations 1) It will be important for reporting on Zambia’s level of financial inclusion to clearly isolate and communicate the 38 percent formal inclusion as this is more relevant for policy formulation and development planning; 2) In view of the limited levels of Jul 9, 2021 · Financial inclusion (FI) has gained immense recognition in many upcoming economies as well as at the international level as far as policy is concerned (IMF, 2017). 4 per cent in 2022 to 5. , 2018; Espinoza-Vega Received Benjamin Musumali (BAFS (merit), MBA, PGD-ME, Cert-PAM,CCP, AZIBFS) Topic Assessing the levels of financial inclusion among SMEs in Lusaka district. zm Jul 28, 2022 · Financial inclusion: account ownership is increasing at a rapid rate 76% of adults now have a bank or mobile account, up from just 51% in 2011, according to the report. 1% 13. 6 per cent in 2023. 2%) in rural areas, resulting in a gap of 29. 0 % in 2008 to 46. 8% (2015, 70. Oct 8, 2018 · Tax Rates: None for individual investors. Levels of formal financial inclusion gradually increased from 23 percent of Zambian adults in 2009, to 38 percent in 2015. O. 6% and […] Feb 3, 2024 · Specific financial inclusion initiatives by government and financial regulatory authorities include: (i) credit inclusion—which involves the provision of micro credits to the vulnerable poor through the establishment of microfinance banks and other microfinance institutions; (ii) pension inclusion—the initiative created by the government in Financial Inclusion. This has been echoed by international as well as national bodies. 9%, up from 26. Box 34523 Lusaka, Zambia Phone: +260 211 228391/228537/228594 Fax: +260 211 225969 Email: info@luse. 37412. This level of inclusion was also above the national level of 69. of all sizes in three provinces: Lusaka, Copperbelt and Central Zambia. Legal service Rates section or call us on 260 211 253611. Instrument Closing Price Lusaka, Zambia. The main objectives of the survey are: 1) to generate demand-side data on financial inclusion that would enable the BSP to identify gaps, set priorities, monitor progress, and craft evidence-based financial inclusion policies; and 2) to measure financial The global pursuit of financial inclusion as a vehicle for economic development had a positive effect in Nigeria as the exclusion rate reduced from 53. We help rural families, women, youth, low income people, and other households in Zambia to Mar 15, 2019 · The partnership supports Zambia’s National Financial Inclusion Strategy 2017 to 2022, which aims to increase financial inclusion from 59 percent to 80 percent. To identify the importance of financial inclusion to Small enterprises, Abstract 1. supply-side dataii to create a more holistic picture of financial inclusion in the country. Financial inclusion (FI) is the process of access to and usage of diverse, convenient, affordable financial services (Nwanko & Nwanko, 2014). 5% from 11%, Governor Denny Kalyalya told reporters in the capital, Lusaka, on Wednesday. None of the five The Financial Sector Deepening (FSD) report (2017) has observed and recog- nised the importance of SMEs as economic drivers for employment creation, notably for low-income people and that they act In November 2017, the Ministry of Finance in Zambia unveiled the country’s first National Financial Inclusion Strategy (2017 – 2022). Apr 5, 2023 · The aim of this paper is to profile the state of mobile money financial inclusion/exclusion among micro-entrepreneurs (traders) in the Central Business District. Expanding financial inclusion | Financial Sector Deepening Zambia (FSDZ) is a Zambian organisation working closely with key players throughout the economy to ensure that all Zambians are financially healthy, particularly the most excluded and underserved. DOI: 10. zm. Sectoral Contribution to Growth and 3. Lusaka City Council ☏ Tell: +260 211 252048 email: info@lcc. According to FinScope 2020, Zambia’s rate of financial literacy stands at about 23. economic situation deteriorated in 2020. 4 percent. 4%) and Copperbelt (79. 3% in 2015. 0% compared to a gap of 20. Firstly, by using FinAccess and FinScope surveys data on financial inclusion, we will be able to address adequately how access and use of financial services affect individuals decision on creating or not small and micro The role of financial inclusion in realising economic progression cannot be over emphasized. Unlike past studies, we use firm level data that allows us to interrogate whether the impact of the Feb 16, 2023 · The history of Financial Inclusion in Zambia. They were unveiled at the just concluded International Financial Inclusion Conference (IFIC'22) , with the theme "Financial Inclusion for All: Scaling Innovative Digital Models Feb 28, 2020 · an assessment of the impact of mobile financial services on financial inclusion and economic development in zambia February 2020 DOI: 10. of Financial Inclusion among SMEs Lusaka. 1 According to the World Bank, financial inclusion refers to individuals and businesses having access to affordable and valuable financial products and services that meet their needs. 7%). (2020). highest level of inancial inclusion amongst all the provinces at 87. 0% Depositing Money 0 0. Encouraged by the positive development, the Central Bank of Nigeria in collaboration with stakeholders launched the National Financial Inclusion Strategy on 23rd Oct 13, 2022 · These 67 economies were selected for inclusion based on population size, phone penetration rate, COVID-19 infection rates, and the feasibility of executing phone-based methods where Gallup would otherwise conduct face-to-face data collection, while complying with all government-issued guidance throughout the interviewing process. Financial inclusion could affect economic development positively at the household, firm, and national levels. abjournals. 1% in 2015. The Bank of Zambia (BoZ) says improving education and promoting financial literacy among the youths is vital for all African economies. Author(s): Chishale John, Taonaziso Chowa. Guided by the financial capability framework, this study examines the direct effects of financial literacy on poverty and the indirect effect through financial inclusion and entrepreneurship, using data from wave 5 of the InterMedia Financial Inclusion Insights Program for Kenya Nov 1, 2018 · Meanwhile Zambia has slipped from position 85 to 87 in ease of doing business index . At provincial level, financial inclusion was highest in Lusaka (87. This case study is part of a series of seven case studies developed to look at various ways AFI member institutions in Africa are increasing women’s financial inclusion and closing the women’s SME credit gap through financial policy and regulation. N. Currency exchange rates in ZMW on August 29, 2024. 0% Having Insurance Policy 0 2. P. The core mandate for LWSC is to supply water and sanitation services to Lusaka Province. Postal Address: Ministry of Finance and National Planning, P. 2020 in order to increase adoption rates and advance financial inclusion, it is necessary to recognize and address the particular difficulties that Lusaka residents using mobile phones have in using This report from Mastercard Foundation and UN Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) shows how the Mobile Money for the Poor program (MM4P) has been used in Zambia to increase digital financial services (DFS) usage rates, including a case study of FINCA Zambia. 3%) in urban areas and 54. 2 per cent in 2023 and macerated stillbirth rate dropped from 8. methodology has evolved to many different forms, in Lusaka to be specific, the village banking groups are coming together to pool their resources also known as savings, and it is from these savings that the group members receive or get financial assistance in the form of loans at a very low interest rate. Box 50062, Chimanga Road, LUSAKA. Studies have taken diverse forms by establishing the nexus between financial literacy stock market participation, financial inclusion, and various dimensions of economic growth (Atkinson & Messy, Citation 2013; Grohmann et al. promoting digital access to formal financial services and furthering financial inclusion (Nelson and Perli, 2007; Donovan, 2012; Babajide et al. Speaking during the second Child and Youth Finance International (CYFI) regional meeting for Africa, […] Lusaka City Council ☏ Tell: +260 211 252048 email: info@lcc. . 0 Purpose 5. 1% Investing in Stocks 4 2. Mobile phones have been credited inter alia with helping to control diabetes (Liang et al. We appreciate the Mobile Banking initiative by Celpay Zambia Limited and look forward to greater investment in financial inclusion in our beloved country. , 2021) Figure 1 showed SSA (Sub-Saharan Africa) nations have enhanced financial inclusion largely; however, the region is still Dec 9, 2022 · Financial literacy can be critical to reducing poverty, but limited evidence exists on the mechanisms of change. Farmers who use credit have moderately inelastic to elastic demands. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 57(9), 2699–2738. 7% in 2006, while complete exclusion has narrowed to 11% from 41. org2020 (pp. Atlas Mara Managing Director James Koni said the initiative is a reflection of the company’s strategic objective of broadening access to financial services in line with the 2017 Ministry of […] Lusaka, ZAMBIA Tel: +260-211-257-178 Website: www. , 2012). Feb 14, 2024 · The monetary policy committee increased the rate for a fifth straight meeting to 12. 4% from 59. FSD Zambia | 13,171 followers on LinkedIn. Only 25% out of the 2. Key gaps still remain, however, based on gender, income, and education level. zm National Financial Inclusion Strategy 2017–2022 iii FOREWORD This National Financial Inclusion Jan 11, 2021 · Financial inclusion ensures financial products and services at reasonable rates for individuals and aims to introduce unbanked people into banking and financial services. 9 percentage points recorded from 2009 to 2020 as depicted in the Financial Inclusion Annual Growth graph. zm . Beneficiaries’ Level of Importance to the financial inclusion determinants Table 3: Beneficiaries’ Level of Importance to the financial inclusion determinants Not very important 0. The recently launched NFIS II aims for an 85 percent inclusion rate by 2028, up from the 2020 achieved rate of 69. financials: September 3, 2024: Download: May 13, 2023 · This study aims to quantify the impact of mobile money services on financial inclusion, focusing on EVC-PLUS services in Somalia. Progress has been made, with financial inclusion increasing to 69. on Financial Inclusion: Case of Lusaka Province Chanda Collins Njele1 & Jackson Phiri2 1 Graduate School of Business, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia Sep 20, 2013 · The Bank of Zambia (BoZ) says improving education and promoting financial literacy in youths is vital for all African economies. Phiri}, year={2021 Dec 19, 2023 · Income inequality is one of the biggest problems affecting developing economies. Key findings show that while Zambia enjoys a bank-centric financial sector, mobile money has emerged as a major driver of financial inclusion. 5 million people have access to improved sanitation (NWASCO, 2020). 02. Empirical literature. co. LuSE All Share Index. N. Box 30080, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia Tel: +260 211 399300 Cell:+26 097 1270090/096 388482 importance of financial inclusion as an enabler of economic Oct 7, 2022 · Lusaka - Zambia: Minister of Technology and Science, Felix Mutati says Zambia is on the right track with attaining financial inclusion. This study investigates the relevant factors that affect poverty reduction in developing countries through financial inclusion. The most recent effort to address these challenges is the Lusaka Agenda launched in December 2023, which laid out a set of five Nov 8, 2017 · STORY HIGHLIGHTS. Aug 26, 2023 · You can have a high rate of financial inclusion but if tangible goods production is low, the FIRE sectors will have no liquid and growing market to do business with. 8% (2015, 50. While the poor don’t have the same access to financial products, their need for financial services may be even greater. African Journal of Accounting and Financial Research ISSN: 2682-6690 Volume 4, Issue 1, www. 4% in 2020, from 59. Ayatollah August 27, 2023 At Jun 18, 2021 · Factors Affecting Usage of Mobile Money Services and Their Impact on Financial Inclusion: Case of Lusaka Province June 2021 International Journal of Business and Management 16(7):104 Jan 1, 2020 · The main purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of financial inclusion among social cash transfer beneficiaries in Lusaka District. The geographic distribution of respondents across provinces reflects differences in the density of population. LUSAKA, ZAMBIA – Though financial inclusion in Zambia has demonstrated steady growth over the last few years, moving from 59 percent in 2015 to 69 percent in 2020, there are still significant gaps in the country’s rate of financial literacy. Feb 28, 2022 · This compares to financial inclusion rates of 72 % in Kenya and 43 % in Uganda. The strategy targets an overall increase in financial inclusion (formal and informal) from 59% to 80% and in formal financial inclusion from 38% to 70%, by 2022. The growing adoption of FinTech (financial technology) has altered the structure of how financial services are delivered and makes these services accessible to underserved groups Sep 13, 2022 · Half of the adults around the world – around 2. This paper attempts to examine the relationship between financial inclusion and development by empirically identifying country specific factors that are associated with the level of financial inclusion. v16n7p104 Corpus ID: 235657474; Factors Affecting Usage of Mobile Money Services and Their Impact on Financial Inclusion: Case of Lusaka Province @inproceedings{CollinsNjele2021FactorsAU, title={Factors Affecting Usage of Mobile Money Services and Their Impact on Financial Inclusion: Case of Lusaka Province}, author={Chanda Collins Njele and John Tox J. A sample of 385 respondents was examined, and regression methods were employed to estimate the model parameters. Zambia’s strategy aims to see 70 percent of adults using formal financial services by 2022. 50, Lunsenfwa Road, Kalundu, Lusaka. 7 per cent in 2022 to 7. Therefore, financial inclusion is projected to have hovered around 75. mof. Its all been backward since achieving position 67 back in 2006. Over 57 per cent of women Dec 1, 2023 · 1. SMEs – defined as businesses employing fewer than 100 workers – represent the majority of surveyed firms in the three main economic sectors: 90% in the This National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS) is a renewed commitment to financial inclusion in Zambia and builds on previous efforts and ongoing initiatives by . Apr 8, 2019 · In 2019, the Central Bank of Kenya launched the FinAccess Household Survey, in collaboration with the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics and Financial Sector Deepening Kenya – a financial inclusion organisation. This paper investigated the threshold effect of financial inclusion on poverty reduction in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Therefore, the more foreign currency inflows in the country the better will be the performance of the stock market which will ultimately result in an increase of values all shares on the stock market The main objective of the FinScope Rwanda 2020 Survey was to indicate the levels of financial inclusion; define the landscape of access; identify the drivers of, and barriers to financial access; assess trends or changes over time and provide information on new opportunities for increased financial inclusion According to the FinScope 2020 Feb 2, 2023 · Financial accounts give people a safe way to make payments, store and save money, and access loans. Current users of Zambia’s mobile-money networks, however, seem satisfied. gov. Data from the Global Findex show a 50 percent increase over the past decade in the worldwide share of adults with an account. Volume/Issue: Volume 4, Issue 1 (2021) Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of financial inclusion among social cash transfer beneficiaries in Lusaka District. Introduction. Zambian News. Jul 28, 2020 · The Purpose of this study focused on assessing the impact of financial inclusion and financial literacy on different small medium scales enterprises and how it has affected their day to day Jun 8, 2023 · These 67 economies were selected for inclusion based on population size, phone penetration rate, COVID-19 infection rates, and the feasibility of executing phone-based methods where Gallup would otherwise conduct face-to-face data collection, while complying with all government-issued guidance throughout the interviewing process. 50-63) 50 THE DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION AMONG SOCIAL CASH Apr 2, 2023 · And one of them is the issue of digital inclusion. By linear interpolation, this suggests an estimated cumulative increase of 2 percentage points per year, a significant drop compared to the average of 2. “For me, accessing my account by mobile phone is a good deal, much easier than it was before,” says Joe Mutemwa, a mobile-money account holder from Western Province. So when we think about where we are in terms of 21st century economies, digital services are essential to 21st century economies. Using an annual dataset spanning 2010 to 2017, the Hansen’s estimation and Differenced generalized method of moments (GMM) methods were used to estimate the threshold level of financial inclusion that will reduce poverty and factors that influence financial At PowerKwacha , we have identified key factors contributing to our success in the microfinance industry. Assessing the levels of financial inclusion among SMEs in Lusaka district. 3 % in 2010. LUSAKA, November 8 Jun 9, 2022 · Results from the FinScope Zambia 2020 Survey indicated a net increase in financial inclusion of 10. 3% in promote financial inclusion. “Formal financial inclusion has risen to 82. Mr Mutati has since Mar 25, 2021 · Abstract. Phiri}, year={2021 The main purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of financial inclusion among social cash transfer beneficiaries in Lusaka District. Lusaka office Plot no. Email: treasurybriefs@mofnp. Additionally, stillbirth rate declined: fresh stillbirth rate dropped from 5. 76% of the population are multidimensionally financially included. COVID-19 boosted the adoption of digital financial services: About 40 percent of adults in developing economies excluding China who made a digital merchant payment using a card, phone, or the internet, and more than one-third of adults in developing economies who paid a utility bill directly from an account, did so for the first time after the start of the pandemic. It does not seem a large step to argue that they could help increase financial inclusion, especially considering their importance in the dissemination of information and provision of financial services, particularly the Jul 18, 2011 · An important question raised in the literature is whether development leads to an all-inclusive financial system. Our microcredit offerings aim to empower individuals, enabling them to support their families. [2] Mar 18, 2024 · Lusaka - Zambia: As we join the rest of the country to commemorate Financial Literacy Week which serves as an annual beacon of hope, dedicated to empowering Email: info@zambianbusinesstimes. zm capital market. Notably, our repayment rates surpass those of traditional banking products, ensuring a more favorable financial outcome. 5 million reside in Lusaka city. In rural areas, Zambians are more excluded from formal financial services, as as are women. BIS Review 111/2009 3 Nov 19, 2022 · Regional comparison of financial inclusion (Source: Matekenya et al. 1 : 2/05/19 3. measures adopted focus on promoting formal inancial inclusion, reducing the gender gap, reducing the urban-rural inancial inclusion imbalance, paying particular attention to inclusion of children and the youths as well as leveraging Digital Financial Services (DFS) in a bid to accelerate achievement of inancial inclusion targets. 1% Investing in Government Bonds 4 54 Not important Somewhat important 20. APS reports have been published on an annual basis since 2016 and are useful for tracking the growth of DFS in Zambia. Jul 27, 2018 · In this paper, financial inclusion is defined as a delivery of useful and affordable financial services at affordable costs to disadvantaged and low-income people in a sustainable way (Muzigiti and Schmidt, 2013; World Bank, 2017). I thank you. Financial inclusion is a Jan 1, 2021 · financial inclusion for the unbanked in the so ciety, but with its more inclusive membership, the working cla ss, entrepreneurs and those with bank accounts and access to other financial Mar 31, 2023 · financial inclusion report - 2022 Friday, 31 March 2023 This report sets forth the nationwide financial inclusion developments up to December 30, 2022, whilst centered on the level of compliance with the action plan provided by the National Financial Inclusion Strategy, developments and progress monitoring for set targets and the main In addressing how innovations in rural finance contribute to making access to financial services and rural transformation more inclusive, the report focuses on demand relationships. 3 percent by the end of 2023. 9%) provinces and lowest in the Western Province (40. Facebook; Twitter; Home; SERVICES. O. This is viewed as the ability of some Oct 16, 2019 · The first FinScope survey was conducted in 2006, covering 2005, to inform the Government of Zambia's comprehensive strategy for strengthening and broadening the Zambian financial sector under the Financial Sector Development Plan (FSDP), which run from 2004 to 2009 under Phase I and 2010 to 2015 under Phase II. Sep 1, 2019 · Zambia's financial sector development efforts have included the design and implementation of policies and strategies that promote financial inclusion, with particular attention being paid to rural Mar 22, 2024 · The new target of 2 percent per year appears to lack ambition, considering Zambia’s historically robust financial inclusion growth rate and the recent surge in the use of mobile money services. Nov 22, 2023 · Efforts by the Bank of Zambia culminated into Zambia’s first National Financial Inclusion Strategy (2017-2022), which aims to increase formal financial inclusion to 70% by 2022. “Where most financial inclusion models have employed either ‘credit-led’ or ‘savings-led’ approaches, the M-PESA experience suggests that there may be a third approach— focusing on building the payment ‘rails’ on which a broader set of financial services can ride,” wrote the The main purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of financial inclusion among social cash transfer beneficiaries in Lusaka District. 2 The Global Findex Database [1] reveals that many developing the relationship between financial inclusion and entrepreneurship in sub-Saharan African countries in several aspects. Jan 25, 2019 · Atlas Mara Plc says it is committed to accelerating financial inclusion by proving convenient banking solutions for unbanked clients through the introduced Tenga Mobile Money. , 2011) and assisting smokers to quit (Whittaker et al. Lusaka Province has a population of approximately, 4. 4. Facebook financial statement 2022 1 6 downloads. 1 percentage points to 69. Village banking in Zambia is increasing at a faster rate, and it is said to be a tool that can provide financial inclusion to the unbanked. The country has made significant progress in recent years in terms of increasing access to financial services, particularly for those in rural areas. , Citation 2018; Sharma, Citation 2016). 4 percent, driven mainly by the uptake of mobile money services. Over the years, digital payment platforms and in particular, mobile money, which is the focus of this analysis, have become popular in the nation and proven to be reliable in driving financial inclusion. Policies that curb interest rates or otherwise lower the cost of credit may encourage credit Financial inclusion, which in simple terms is defined as the use of formal financial services/products (Allen, Demirgüç-Kunt, Klapper, & Martinez Peria, 2016), has been recognised by governments, multi– Jun 27, 2024 · Although Ghana achieved 96% financial inclusion in terms of access to financial services, the 2022 Composite Financial Inclusion Index, which provides an overall assessment of financial inclusion by combining the three dimensions of access, usage, and quality, shows that about 52. , 2015; Demirguç-Kunt et al. Jun 30, 2023 · 1. 2. 4 percent and the Financial support for health in low- and middle-income countries has come under renewed criticism in recent years by policymakers and experts, critiquing that it often fragments health systems, undermines national priority-setting, and lacks a clear exit strategy. Studies have shown that financial exclusion has its roots in social DOI: 10. The Central Bank of Nigeria and National Financial Inclusion Governance Committees have launched new policy documents to accelerate financial inclusion in the country. Aug 8, 2015 · Lusaka - Zambia: First Lady Esther Lungu has urged government to ensure that financial inclusion does not elude women and girls, who are the majority of Aug 4, 2022 · the local authorities in Lusaka and satellite districts. Member of: African Securities Exchange Association (ASEA) Committee of SADC Stock Exchanges (CoSSE) Contact: 2nd Floor, MAMCo House, Plot 316B, Independence Avenue, P. This APS gives an indication of how financial services are reaching the various sectors of the population from the supply side and will complement the official Ministry of Finance demand-side FinScope Survey findings on financial inclusion rates in Zambia. Market imperfections and information asymmetry lead to lack of access to the financial system, which will exacerbate income inequality. Zambia - National Financial Inclusion Strategy 2017-2022 Mar 24, 2018 · Government through the National Financial Inclusion Strategy has set a target to increase the financial inclusion measure from 59 percent in 2015 to 80 percent by 2022. Article Google Scholar Machasio, I. 5 billion people – don’t use formal financial services, and 75% of poor people are unbanked because of costs, travel distances and burdensome requirements involved in opening a financial account. The methodology used for this study was probability sampling and the research also employed Purposive sampling technique and it Jun 3, 2020 · “Village banking has grown so much in this market that it has established itself as a significant preposition in Zambia’s financial inclusion drive as outlined in the National Financial Inclusion Strategy 2017-2022 (NFIS2022). This is important, as the price of being left on the outside of the financial system is severe. Financial inclusion in Zambia has a relatively short history, dating back to the early 2000s. Copperbelt office Mobile money could transform financial inclusion. The strength and stability of the model are examined to Sep 6, 2019 · This paper draws on data from Uganda’s 2013 World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES), which comprises data on 762 firms across Uganda to assess the effects of the business environment, with particular interest on the impact of finance on firm growth by focusing on differences across firm size. Box 36711, Lusaka-Zambia of Finance’s 2017 to 2022 financial inclusion strategy for instance states that the inclusion rate in 2015 was Aug 4, 2023 · Financial inclusion, financial literacy and economically vulnerable populations in the Middle East and North Africa. GDP Growth Rates in Mining and Agriculture _____ 4 2. Access, quality, usage, and welfare of financial services are measured in financial inclusion. The main aim of this study was to investigate the impact of village banking on financial inclusion for women marketers at the Main Masala market in Ndola district of Zambia. Jan 26, 2022 · 2. pmj ksv whszz dmzyd cjhe lmuvgzp bkwwt pbing trtnmr wpbtkxjs

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